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</html>";s:4:"text";s:34968:"GPCR allosteric ligands hold the promise of improved subtype selectivity, spatiotemporal sensitivity, and possible biased property over typical orthosteric ligands. 2014 Nov 7;13(11):4859-4868. Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; December 9-12, 2018; San Diego, CA Oncogenic Kras (Kras*) plays a key role in tumor maintenance and therapeutic resistance in several cancer types, although the precise biologic functions and mechanisms are not completely understood. Building 37, Room 2140A. Articles Cited by Public access. Driver genes and mutations are shared across anatomical origins and cell types. The discovery of these cancer-associated modifications of glycans on the glycosylated-proteins may also improve on the specificity of existing cancer biomarkers. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that orchestrate complex regulatory networks in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, metabolism, immunity, and development ().The human NR superfamily, which consists of 48 members, includes receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, retinoic acid, vitamin D, fatty acids, and cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols) ().  Browse by letter. analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian cancer. LC-MS profiling of N-glycans derived from human serum samples for biomarker discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma Tsung Heng Tsai, Minkun Wang, Cristina Di Poto, Yunli Hu, Shiyue Zhou, Yi Zhao, Rency S. Varghese, Yue Luo, Mahlet G. Tadesse, Dina Hazem Ziada, Chirag S. Desai, Kirti Shetty, Yehia Mechref , Habtom W. Ressom Yujun Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. Tsai TH, Wang M, Di Poto C, Hu Y, Zhou S, Zhao Y et al. Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most deadly cancers with poor prognosis and increasing incidence worldwide [].Due to the absence of specific symptoms, approximately 40% ESCA patients have advanced disease at diagnosis [] and the 5-year survival rate for those patients is less than 5% [].Thus, detecting early-stage ESCA when curable treatments are possible is a pivotal way to prolong . Target for Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery Yun Xia, 1,2,11 Yonghua Xie, 1,11 Zhengsen Yu, 1,11 Hongying Xiao, 1,2,3 Guimei Jiang, 1,3 Xiaoying Zhou, 1 Yunyun Yang, 1 Xin Li, 1,2 Meng Zhao, 2,4 Liping Li, 1 Mingke Zheng, 9 Shuai Han, 1 Zhaoyun Zong, 5 Xianbin Meng, 5 Haiteng Deng, 5 Ronald A. DePinho, Corresponding Author. The exponential growth of AI in the last decade is evidenced to be the potential platform for optimal decision-making by super-intelligence, where the human mind is limited to process huge . Purification of mass spectometric data is highly desired prior . Cancer Discovery. Verified email at mdanderson.org. 240-760-6864. appellae@mail.nih.gov. 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm PT. Learn more. author = &quot;Limo Chen and Lixia Diao and Yongbin Yang and Xiaohui Yi and Rodriguez, {B. Leticia} and Yanli Li and Villalobos, {Pamela A.} Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse UB modifications or trim UB chains of diverse linkages. Discovery of new prostate cancer biomarkers could improve precision therapy. Discovery of thiosemicarbazone derivatives as effective New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitors against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates Bing Zhao, Xinhui Zhang, Tingting Yu, Ying Liu, . (link sends email) Join us in pushing the. Yihao Zhou, Xun Zhao, Jing Xu, Yunsheng Fang, Guorui Chen, Yang Song, Song Li &amp; Jun Chen. and Peng, {David H.} and Christin Ungewiss and Jonathon Roybal and Pan Tong and Junna Oba and Ferdinandos Skoulidis and Weiyi . Funding . As expenditure on drug development increases exponentially, the overall drug discovery process requires a sustainable revolution. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide ().The estimate of new cases of liver cancer (including intrahepatic bile duct cancers) expected to occur in the United States during the 2015 year was 35,660 with approximately three-fourths to be HCC (). Weiguo Xiang, Lijie Zhao, Xin Han, Chong Qin, Bukeyan Miao, Donna McEachern, Yu Wang, Hoda Metwally, Paul D. Kirchhoff, Lu Wang, Aleksas Matvekas, Miao He, Bo Wen, Duxin Sun, Shaomeng Wang. False Discovery Rate Control with Groups James X. Hu, Hongyu Zhao and Harrison H. Zhou Abstract In the context of large-scale multiple hypothesis testing, the hypotheses often possess certain group structures based on additional information such as Gene On-tology in gene expression data and phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. No toxicity is seen in murine models, but CD93 is expressed . The purpose of this study was to use comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification to find a new biomarker for BC diagnosis. Istituto Oncologico Candiolo. Email: zhudi@fudan.edu.cn. 57% of tumors harbor potentially actionable oncogenic events. Glutaminase. This collection of articles features some of the most relevant studies on lncRNAs published in Cell Death Discovery. However, only a small number of GPCR allosteric ligands have been approved as drugs or in clinical trials since the discovery process is very challenging. Employing a novel dual . 301-402-7858. rafael.casellas@nih.gov. From the discovery stage, we identified one genome-wide-significant locus (rs9320913, P = 4.2 × 10 -9) and three suggestive loci (defined as P &lt; 10 -6) for EduYears.For College, we identified two genome-wide-significant loci (rs11584700, P = 2.1 × 10 -9, and rs4851266, P = 2.2 × 10 -9) and an additional four suggestive loci ().We conducted replication analyses in 12 additional . PMID: 23523103. Predictive Significance of an Optimized Panel for Basal-like Breast Cancer: Results from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.5 and MA.12 Phase III Clinical Trials Karama Asleh , Dongsheng Tu , Dongxia Gao , Vivien Bramwell , Mark N. Levine , Kathleen I. Pritchard , Lois E. Shepherd and Torsten O. Nielsen Introduction. Discovery Building Suite 3120. Get Behind the Scenes with Your Favorite Shows! Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS) plays a critical role in glutaminolysis, an important energy source for all proliferating cells. of Immunology - MD Anderson Cancer Center . Chinese medicinal herbs have attracted considerable attention due to their potential anticancer effects. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common cancer in women and the most fatal gynecological cancer in the world. Hao D, Liu J, Chen M, Li J, Wang L, Wang G, Zhao Q， Di LJ,. Source: Mayo Clinic. made a profound profiling of the sialylated N-glycoproteomics in human plasma by an optimized strategy of combination of a filter-aided . Y1 - 2015/11/20. In a recent study published in Cancer Discovery, Dr. Cosimo Commisso&#x27;s lab demonstrated for the first time that blocking &quot;cell drinking,&quot; or macropinocytosis, in the thick tissue surrounding a pancreatic tumor slowed tumor growth—providing more evidence that macropinocytosis is a driver of pancreatic cancer growth and is an important . •. Nature 542, 484-488. Boyang Zhao, Justin Pritchard, Douglas A Lauffenburger and Michael T Hemann, 2014, &quot;Addressing genetic tumor heterogeneity through computationally predictive combination therapy&quot;, Cancer discovery, 4, (2), pp. Research output 2001: 1 Research output 2002: 3 Research output 2003: 7 Research output 2004: 4 Research output 2005: 3 Research output 2006: 4 Research output 2007: 1 Research output 2008: 2 Research output 2009: 4 Research output 2010: 6 . To investigate the cause of the limited efficacy of KRAS G12C inhibitors in colorectal cancer, we examined the effects of AMG510 in KRAS G12C colorectal cancer cell lines. Our immune system is our most vigilant protector. Search for more papers by this author. Genome-wide network modeling of individual glioblastomas identifies dysregulation of PD1 signaling in patients with poor prognosis, indicating this approach can be used to understand how gene regulation influences cancer progression. Interests: cancer biomarkers; proteomics; cancer surfaceome; immunooncology. Ce Gao, Di Zhao ⋯ . Sort. Our cancer research laboratories are dedicated to solving problems and making discoveries that can lead to the development of anticancer agents and treatments. . Estrogen receptor ERα and ERβ heterodimerization has been implicated in cancer chemoprevention. N2 - Purpose: We have investigated the potential of metabolomics to discover blood-based biomarkers relevant to lung cancer screening and early detection. and Tina Cascone and Xi Liu and Lin Tan and Lorenzi, {Philip L.} and Anfei Huang and Qiang Zhao and Di Peng and Fradette, {Jared J.} Chemoprevention of primary lung cancer has been the subject of three large-scale randomized trials (4-6).The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study randomized 29,133 middle-aged male smokers in southern Finland to receive α-tocopherol, β-carotene, both, or neither.No association between lung cancer incidence and α-tocopherol intervention (risk ratio, 0.98; 95% . Some natural products or formulae from Chinese . Drug discovery and development in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: challenges and opportunities Simon Cruwys, Peter Hein, Bob Humphries, Darcey Black Pages 2277-2283 From 2015, he was named as the Precision Medicine Fellow and promoted to an Associate Research Scientist. Boris Up-Regulates Oct4 Via Histone Methylation to Promote Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties in Human Liver Cancer Cells. 2020 Sep;10(9):1374-1387. doi: 10.1158/2159 . This work was supported in part by the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award 17YOUN18 (to D. Zhao), NIH Pathway to Independence Award-NCI 1K99CA226360 (to D. Zhao), CPRIT Recruitment of First-Time Tenure-Track Faculty Award RR190021 (to D. Zhao, a CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research), PCF Challenge Award 17CHAL17 (to R.A. DePinho and . In the U.S. alone, 24 million people have autoimmune diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of mathematical algorithms to mimic human cognitive abilities and to address difficult healthcare challenges including complex biological abnormalities like cancer. SUPPORT WID. A structural perspective on targeting the RTK/Ras/MAP kinase pathway in cancer. Dr. Zhao was an invited speaker in the Greehey Children&#x27;s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio (3-7-2011). Di Poto C, Ferrarini A, Zhao Y, Varghese RS, Tu C, Zuo Y et al. Journal of proteome research . The main tumor types of the discovery cohort were lung cancer (26, 26.5%), BRCA (13, 13.2%), and SKCM (11, 11.2%). . •. Protein Sci 2021. FAQ. In the discovery cohort, patients with lower ENPEP expression had a higher response to ICIs treatment rates (47.2% vs. 36.1%, Figure 2A) when compared with patients with higher The discovery, structural elucidation, and total synthesis of a new natural product, actinopolymorphol A (1), from Actinopolymorpha rutilus (YIM45725) that preferentially induces ERα/β heterodimerization is reported. Join us to explore the immune system and learn how breakthrough research is leading to new knowledge, treatments, and cures. Cancer Research. LC-MS profiling of N-glycans derived from human serum samples for biomarker discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma. Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by concealed onset, delayed diagnosis, and high fatality rates making it particularly dangerous to patients&#x27; health. Cancer is still presenting a serious threat to human health worldwide. The baseline patient characteristics of the discovery cohort were summarized in Table 1.Five cancer types were included: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 129), melanoma (n = 185), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (n = 35), bladder cancer (n = 27), and head and neck cancer (n = 10). Chromatin Regulator CHD1 Remodels the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer. Di Zhao, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. . 330 N Orchard St. Madison, WI 53715. PanSoftware applied to PanCancer data identified 299 cancer driver genes. The signaling mechanisms between prostate cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells may illuminate novel therapeutic approaches. In silico discovery of ∼3,400 driver mutations coupled with experimental validation. Yujie Zhao, Daxuan Wang, Ying Lin, Jihuan Hou, . Di Zhao # 1 2 , Li Cai # 1 , Xin Lu # 1 3 , Xin Liang 1 4 , Jiexi Li 1 , Peiwen Chen 1 , Michael Ittmann 5 , Xiaoying Shang 1 , Shan Jiang 6 , Haoyan Li 2 , Chenling Meng 2 , Ivonne Flores 6 , Jian H Song 4 , James W Horner 6 , Zhengdao Lan 1 , Chang-Jiun Wu 6 , Jun Li 6 , Qing Chang 7 , Ko-Chien Chen 1 , Guocan Wang 1 4 , Pingna Deng 1 . to provide a framework for the discovery of cancer-specific vulnerabilities. provides a framework for the discovery of trackable targets in cancers harboring specific tumor suppressor deficiencies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells hold promise for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but optimal targets remain to be defined. Although this issue has been a subject of discussion in cancer genomic studies, it has not yet been rigorously investigated in mass spectrometry based proteomic and metabolomic studies. Tel: (853) 8822 2693 / 8822 4966. Di Zhao, Li Cai, Xin Lu, Xin Liang, Jiexi Li, Peiwen Chen, Michael Ittmann, Xiaoying Shang, . Learn more about the Chen Lab&#x27;s lung biology research. The most successful examples so far have not involved a systematic approach. Cancer Lett (2017) 403:165-74. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.017 Since artificial intelligence (AI) is leading the fourth industrial revolution, AI can be considered as a viable solution for unstable drug research and development. boundaries of disciplines. 2017 May 1;26(5):675-683. Here, utilizing a prostate adenocarcinoma model driven by loss of Pten and Smad4 , we identify polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as the major infiltrating immune cell type, and depletion of MDSCs blocks progression. &quot;Different cellular p16INK4a localisation may signal different survival outcomes in head and neck cancer&quot;, N Zhao, MK Ang, XY Yin, MR Patel, K Fritchie, L Thorne, KL Muldrew, MC Hayward, W Sun, MD Wilkerson, BS Chera, T Hackman, AM Zanation, JE Grilley-Olson, ME Couch, WW Shockley, MC Weissler, CG Shores, WK Funkhouser, AF Olshan, DN Hayes . Clin Cancer Res. In the past, drug repurposing has been largely accidental and serendipitous. Cancer discovery 10 (9), 1374-1387, 2020. Among these compounds . Start Exploring Now! Enabled by ever-expanding large-scale genome datasets and genome-scale . Discovery of ARD-2585 as an Exceptionally Potent and Orally Active PROTAC Degrader of Androgen Receptor for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Click the following links to obtain more information: Faculty of Health Sciences. . Lysine-5 acetylation negatively regulates lactate dehydrogenase A and is decreased in pancreatic cancer. Di Zhao. Date: August 14, 2017. Search for more papers by this author 166--174 Chen Z, Liu J, Chu D, Ma G, Zhang H, Shan Y, Chen Q, Deng C, Chen W, Dimitrov DS, Zhao Q, A dual . Di Palma S, Boersema PJ . AU - Gandara, David. Contact. MD Anderson Cancer Center. Email: yjzhao@simm.ac.cn. Summary: A new cause of treatment resistance in prostate cancer has been . Application of lung microphysiological systems to COVID-19 modeling and drug discovery: a review. All the rooms in PGH are fully furnished and air-conditioned, excluding personal necessities and beddings (such as pillow, blanket, coverlet, bed sheet, etc.). We had previously shown in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that some tumors underwent . National Cancer Institute. (2017). Bethesda, MD 20892-4256. for the Discovery, Prediction, and Exploration of Mutational Signatures. We demonstrate that CD93 CAR T cells engineered from a novel humanized CD93-specific binder potently kill AML in vitro and in vivo but spare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention . EPHA7-MUT predicted favorable clinical outcomes to ICIs in the discovery cohort. Wang J, Mullighan CG, Easton J, Roberts S, Heatley SL, Ma J, Rusch MC, Chen K, Harris CC, Ding L, Holmfeldt L, Payne-Turner D, Fan X, Wei L, Zhao D, Obenauer JC, Naeve C, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Downing JR, Zhang J. CREST maps somatic structural variation in cancer genomes with base-pair resolution. Aaron Chevalier, Shiyi Yang, . Metabolomic characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis for biomarker discovery. Between 2011 and 2015, he was a Postdoctoral Research Scientist at Columbia University. A &#x27;read&#x27; is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel series of derivatives with a 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine scaffold and evaluated their potential reversal activities against MDR. Official Homepage for Discovery. Watch Full Episodes FREE with your TV subscription. Federica Di Nicolantonio. Discovery of anti-PD-L1 peptides using a novel biopanning procedure. AU - Goodman, Gary. Immunogenomic analyses of advanced serous ovarian cancer reveal immune score is a strong prognostic factor and an indicator of chemo-sensitivity. AU - Feng, Ziding. He established the Wang Genomics Laboratory @HKUST in 2016, focusing on the application of data science in biology and medicine. Heppner DE, Eck MJ. Dr. Zhao was an invited speaker in the Biostatistics Branch at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2-15-2011). Immune recovery post-cellular therapies is an important predictor of response to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and can be used to guide timing of primary vaccination, as well as booster vaccine, after therapy. Cancer Research Celebrates the 50th Anniversary of the National Cancer Act and a Future of Hope. Target for Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery Yun Xia, 1,2,11 Yonghua Xie, 1,11 Zhengsen Yu, 1,11 Hongying Xiao, 1,2,3 Guimei Jiang, 1,3 Xiaoying Zhou, 1 Yunyun Yang, 1 Xin Li, 1,2 Meng Zhao, 2,4 Liping Li, 1 Mingke Zheng, 9 Shuai Han, 1 Zhaoyun Zong, 5 Xianbin Meng, 5 Haiteng Deng, 5 According to a recent study, 22,280 new cases of OC and 15,500 OC-related deaths . Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. The understanding of the complex biology of cancer and the development of oncotherapy have led to increasing treatment approaches such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Most patients with KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience clinical benefit from selective KRAS G12C inhibition, whereas patients with colorectal cancer bearing the same mutation rarely respond. In the nervous system, GLS serve as a source of glutamate, a key excitatory neurotransmitter, which is believed to play a key pathogenic role in neuroinflammatory disorders such as HIV1-associated dementia . PY - 2015/11/20. A fundamental challenge in quantitation of biomolecules for cancer biomarker discovery is owing to the heterogeneous nature of human biospecimens. 2018 24 (15):3560-3571. Generally, AI is applied to fields with sufficient data such as computer vision and natural language . Discussion. Others provide valuable services to researchers at MD Anderson and other institutions. National Cancer Institute. More FAQs Zhao et al. Introduction. PubMed; Merk DJ, Zhou P, Cohen SM, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Hwang GH, Rehm KJ, Alfaro J, Reid CM, Zhao X, Park E, Xu PX, Chan JA, Eck MJ, Nazemi KJ, Harwell CC, Segal RA. Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals. Zhao D, Zou SW, Liu Y, Zhou X, Mo Y, Wang P, Xu YH, Dong B, Xiong Y, Lei QY, Guan KL. Research Article Pengcheng Jia, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing JiaoTong University, Beijing, 100044 China Search for more papers by this author Liang Qin, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing JiaoTong University, Beijing, 100044 China Search for more papers by this author Di Zhao, Key . Email: FHS.Student@um.edu.mo. Title. Di Zhu, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Zhao F, Hoechst B, Duffy A, Gamrekelashvili J, Fioravanti S, Manns MP, Greten TF, and Korangy F (2012). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of a complex mixture of tumor-associated fibroblasts, infiltrating immune cells, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins and signaling molecules such as cytokines (1-3).Homotypic and heterotypic interactions between these cellular constituents play essential roles in cancer development and response to therapeutics (3, 4). Building 10, Room 13C103-D. Bethesda, MD 20892. a The number of recovered phages from each round of biopanning.b Sequences of the discovered anti-PD-L1 peptides.c Binding affinities of the selected peptides towards human PD-L1 protein and albumin were measured using SPR.d Binding curves of the peptides on PD-L1-positive human cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and DU-145) and PD-L1 . AU - Fiehn, Oliver. P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major obstacle in successful cancer chemotherapy, which attracted much effort to develop clinically useful compounds to reverse MDR. Liu Q, Chen K, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zhao R, Wei L, et al. (Equation Presented). Methods We comprehensively analyzed microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles from . 17: 2020: Telomere dysfunction activates YAP1 to drive tissue inflammation. •. Laboratory of Cell Biology. Cancer is one of the major lethal diseases worldwide, with a high morbidity of 18.1 million estimated new diagnosed cases and mortality of 9.6 million deaths in 2018 reported in the Global cancer statistics [].Cancer immunotherapy has made a great breakthrough in oncology, and the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize. Bio-Design and Manufacturing, 2021/6/18,1-19. AU - Zhao, Yang. Email federica.dinicolantonio@ircc.it. Sort by citations Sort by year Sort by title. 2001. Nowadays, remarkable advances in drugs, diseases and bioinformatic knowledge are offering great . Ubiquitin (UB) transfer cascades consisting of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes constitute a complex network that regulates a myriad of biologic processes by modifying protein substrates. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common fatal cancer worldwide ().As with other cancers, patients with CRC diagnosed at earlier or intermediate stages have better prognoses than those at advanced stages (2, 3).Thus, early detection is helpful for improving the survival of these patients, but there has been limited clinical success in developing effective, noninvasive diagnostic . (link sends email) Senior Investigator. What criteria does Correlation Engine use to rank relevant literature matches for a search? Every day, it defends us from disease and repairs damage to our body. Cancer Cell 23 (4):464-76, 2013. e-Pub 2013. Synthetic essentiality of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in PTEN deficient cancer Di Zhao1, Xin Lu†,1, Guocan Wang†,1, Zhengdao Lan1, . . Zhao D, Lu X, Wang G, Lan Z, Liao W, Li J, Liang X, Chen JR, Shah S, Shang X, et al. AU - Taguchi, Ayumu. Mauro Di Pilato, PhD - Dept. Additionally, many cellular proteins carry UB-binding domains (UBDs) that translate the signals encoded in UB chains to . Synthetic essentiality of chromatin remodelling factor CHD1 in PTEN-deficient cancer. 608-316-4339. Drug repurposing is an attractive and pragmatic way offering reduced risks and development time in the complicated process of drug discovery. Nature Methods 8(8):652-4, 2011. Center for Cancer Research. The Jichao Chen Laboratory at MD Anderson is focused on understanding lung biology, including the interface between morphogenesis and differentiation in the lung.  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